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| 上海交通干道春季空气颗粒物中微量元素分布特征 |
| Distribution of Trace Elements in Atmospheric Particles in Traffic Zone of Shanghai during the Spring |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2011年3—5月在交通干道区域（上海闸北区）采集了18个大气颗粒物（TSP-总悬浮性颗粒物）样品，分别采用超声水提和微波消解提取组分，用ICP和原子吸收法分析了样品中14种微量元素。结果表明，在微波消解样品中，Na、Ca、 Fe、Si、Al的含量较高，在水溶性组分中Ca、Na、Si、K、Mg的含量较高， 2种样品处理中Cd的含量都最低。Ca、Na、Mg、Ni、K以水溶性化合物存在的比较大，水溶性都>50%；但其余元素则主要以非水溶性形态存在，特别是Fe和Pb。采用富集因子法(EF)、主成分分析法（PCA）对颗粒物来源进行了分析，富集因子法表明， K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Ca、Cr、Ni的富集因子<10，而Na、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的富集因子均>10，表明这些元素在大气颗粒物中有明显的富集。元素间相关性与主成分结果表明，土壤和建筑尘的二次扬尘是区域颗粒物的主要来源，其次是工业源、汽车尾气。HYSPLIT反轨迹模型表明外来源输送是本地污染贡献之一，但本地源也是高颗粒物污染的重要原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| From March to May, 2011, eighteen atmospheric particle samples (TSP) were collected in traffic zone ( Shanghai Zhabei District) . Fourteen trace elements were extracted by ultrasound water batch and microwave digestion and determined by ICP and AAS method. Results indicated that Na、Ca、 Fe、Si、Al extracted by microwave digestion have higher concentration while Ca、Na、Si、K、Mg have higher content. Cd concentration was both lower in two methods. It was found that Ca、Na、Mg、Ni、K were inclined to exist as soluble state with over 50% water soluble part while other elements exist at non soluble state. as Elemental enrichment factor method and principal component analysis(PCA) method were adopted to identify the source contribution. EF results indicated that EFs of K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Ca、Cr 、Ni were lower than 10 while EFs of Na、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd were higher than 10 implying those elements were obviously concentrated on atmospheric particles. Correlation between elements and PCA results showed that secondary suspended dusts of soil particle and construction particle are main sources of atmospheric particle followed by industrial and traffic emission. HYSPLIT trajectory model demonstrated that local sources are important cause of high particle pollution though contribution of external source transportation is not neglected. |
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