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| 乌鲁木齐市冬季大气PM2.5中化学组分特征及健康风险评价 |
| Characteristics of Chemical Components and Health Risk Assessment of Atmospheric PM2.5 during Winter in Urumqi |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水溶性离子 重金属 多环芳烃 地质累积指数 健康风险评价 综合生态风险指数 乌鲁木齐市 |
| 英文关键词: Water soluble ions Heavy metals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Geo accumulation index Health risk assessment Comprehensive potential ecological risk index Urumqi |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（21966029，21567028） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2023年11月17—27日，在乌鲁木齐市设置4个不同功能区采样点，采集采暖期PM25样品开展化学组分分析，并采用健康风险评价模型及潜在生态风险指数法，对重金属及多环芳烃（PAHs）的健康与生态风险进行评估。结果表明，乌鲁木齐市采暖期PM25中水溶性离子质量浓度从高到低依次为SO2-4＞NO-3＞Na+＞Ca2+＞Cl-＞K+＞NH+4＞Mg2+＞F-，商业区和交通枢纽区对水溶性离子贡献较大，降雪后居住区和交通枢纽区的水溶性离子质量浓度恢复较快，SNA虽然质量浓度下降但比例变化不大。重金属元素质量浓度从高到低依次为Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Hg；降雪对重金属沉降清除作用有限，降雪后交通枢纽区和工业区重金属浓度不降反升；降雪前后儿童、成年男性和女性的非致癌风险指数（HI）均超过安全阈值（>1），Mn为主要非致癌风险贡献因子，Ni对3类人群均存在潜在致癌风险；Hg和Pb为综合潜在生态风险（RI）处于极强风险水平的主要贡献元素。降雪前后2~3环PAHs贡献占比最高，降雪后高环PAHs与PAHs总质量浓度有所下降，4～6环PAHs占比整体降低，6环PAHs占比降至362%，交通枢纽区PAHs贡献率显著增加；各功能区PAHs终生致癌风险（ILCR）总体处于可接受水平，不同功能区及人群之间存在一定差异。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| PM2.5 samples were collected during the heating period at four sampling sites of different functional zones in Urumqi from November 17 to 27， 2023 for chemical component analysis. A health risk assessment model and the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method were employed to evaluate the health and ecological risks associated with heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results showed that the mass concentrations of water soluble ions in PM2.5 followed the descending order SO2-4＞NO-3＞Na+＞Ca2+＞Cl-＞K+＞NH+4＞Mg2+＞F-， with relatively large contributions from the commercial and transportation hub zones. After snowfall， water soluble ion concentrations in the residential and transportation hub zones recovered rapidly， while the concentration of SNA decreased， with little change in their proportions. The mass concentrations of heavy metals followed the descending order Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Hg. Snowfall had a limited removal effect on heavy metals， with their concentrations increasing rather than decreasing in the transportation hub and industrial zones after snowfall. After snowfall， The non carcinogenic hazard index（HI） of children， adult men and women exceeded the safety threshold（>1） both before and 〖GK!87mm〗after snowfall， with Mn being the primary contributor to non carcinogenic risk. Ni posed a potential carcinogenic risk to all three population groups. Hg and Pb were the main contributors to the comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI)， which was at a very high risk level. Before and after snowfall， 〖HK〗2 ring and 3 ring PAHs accounted for the largest proportion. 〖HK〗The mass concentrations of higher ring PAHs and total PAHs decreased after snowfall. The proportion of 4 ring to 6 ring PAHs declined overall， with that of 6 ring PAHs decreasing to 362%， while the contribution of PAHs in the transportation hub zone increased significantly. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of PAHs across all functional zones was generally within the acceptable range， with certain differences among different functional zones and population groups. |
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